Type weiting machine



(No Model.) I 7 Sheets-Sheet 1.

s. GARMONA. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 590,207. I Patented Sept. 21, 1897 19 17.5 mzilf' 6 2 j 3 1 7/7 1 I 6/ 46 626/ 129 I? t h 71 /07 a? g /Z 79 7/Q INVENTOI? A TTOHNEYS,

7 Sheets Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

M. s. CARMONA. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

/%M:ITNESSES:

w: mans nvsns co., Puo'mui'no WhSHINGTON, ay 1:,

7 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

GARMONAJ TYPE WRITING MACHINE (No Model.)

7 Sheets-+Sheet 4. M; S. GARMONA. TYPE WRITING MAGHINE.

Fag. 7.

Patented Sept. 21, 1897.

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A 77'0HNEYS.

THE uonms PETERS o0, PHOTO-Lima" wnsmnsmru a c.

7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

M. S. GARMONA. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

No. 590,207. Patented Sept. 21,1897

IWT/ENTOH A 77'0HNE YS.

THE noimys mzns ca, PHOTD-UTNQ, WASNINGTON, o. c.

(No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 6. M. S. OARMO NA.- TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

A TTOHNE Y S.

Patented Sept. 21,1897.

WITNESSES:

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cums PETERs co (N0 Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 7.

s. OAR MONA. TYPE WRITING'MAGHINE.

-No. 590,207; Patented Sept. 21,1893].

Y 5 a 7 9 J5? 9 5 J" 929' Z 406 97 40.2 a M a INVENTOH A TTOHNEYS.

UNITED STATES PAT NT @rricn.

MANUEL S. CARMONA, OF MEXICO, MEXICO.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATIQN forming part-of Letters Batent No. 590,207, dated September 21, 1-897.

Application filed October 29, 1894.;

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MANUEL S.CARl\lONA,0f the city of Mexico, Mexico, have invented a new and Improved Type-WVriter, of which the followin g is afull,clear,and exact description.

My invention relates to an improvement in type-writing machines; and the object of the invention is, first, to so construct a machine that five keys only needbe employed, and whereby, through the medium of said keys and certain mechanism operating in connection therewith, all of the signs, letters, figures, and characters used in writing may be properly brought into action, and wherebyalso the machine may be operated as rapidly and with as good resultsas other machines containing a key for each letter, sign, and character used.

A second object of the invention is to give to each letter that is written a space corresponding to the width of the letter, the spacing mechanism operating automatically, thus enabling letters of any kind to be used-large letters, small letters, script, or any style of printed characters.

The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of the several parts, as will be hereinafter fully set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the ma chine viewed from the front. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical section thereof, taken immediately in front of the keys. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section taken at the hack of the'machine immediately forward of the carriage, the spring controlling the carriage being illustrated in the casing. Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic View illustrating the action of the printing-levers operated by the keys, two levers only being employed. Fig. 5is a transverse section through the printing-levers, illustrating the printing-key in normal position, the levers and key being shown in perspective. Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5,

in which the regulating-cradle used in connection with the levers and keys is introduced, two positions of this cradle being shown.

seal No. 527,192. (No model.)

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6, illustrating one position of a key and the printing-levers when the latter have been acted upon by the former. Fig. Sis aside elevation of the regulating-cradle. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the said'cra'dle, illustrating its especial relation to one of the printing-levers. Fig. 10 is a perspective view of one end of one of the printing-levers. Fig. 11 is a transverse section taken near the center of the machine. Figs. 12 and 13 are views of the respective ends of the machine. Fig. 1% is a rear ele vation of the machine, parts being broken away and the back removed. Fig. 15 is a detail view of mechanism employed for controlling the spacing-lever. Fig. 16 is a detail view of mechanism employed for checking the movement of the type-wheel in one direction.

Fig. 17 is a section taken through a portion of the machine at the front, illustrating the manner in which the type-wheel is elevated;

and Fig. 18 is a detail view of a portion of the said elevating mechanism. Fig. 19 is a sectional view, the parts'being shown in perspective, illustrating a portion of the paper-carriers and the mechanism controlling the spacin g-lever, together with the lever itself in action. Figs. 20 and 21 are respectively side elevations and plan views of an inking mechanism in which a pad is employed. Figs. 22 and 23 are respectively a side elevation and plan view of an inking mechanism in which a ribbon is employed and reels to receive the same. Fig. 24 is a plan view of an inking mechanism in which an endless inking-ribbon is used, and Fig. 25 is a horizontal section of the type-wheel between two zones thereof.

The general form of the type-writer is illus- 9o trated in Fig. 1, in which is representeda casing A of somewhat rectangular or box-like ing a drawer or other compartment A is located adapted to carry the extra type-wheels B, as a type-wheel is used in connection with the machine and is located upon the upper portion of the casing at or about its center.

In connection with the operative parts of the machine but five keys are employed,and these keys are designated, respectively, as C,O O O and C The principal mechanism employed for forming or printing the letters or manipulating the type-wheel may be said to consist of two levers D and D. (Shown principally in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 11.) Both of these levers are contained in the casin g A, extending longitudinally of the same near the top. The lever D rests at one end on a fixed support 12, upon which support it maybe said to be fulcrumed, and near its other end the lever D is pivoted at a point 13 to the lever D, the levers being parallel and located substantially side by side. The lever D is fulerumed at one end to the frame of the machine, as seen at 14 in Figs. 2 and 3, and at its opposite end the said lever D is passed between uprights 15, extending from the top to the bottom of the casing, as shown in Fig. 11. These uprights serve as guides for both the levers D and D, but the latterlever rests upon a spring 16, which tends to keep it elevated, and near the free end of the lever D alip 17is formed adapted to constantly bear upon a nut 18. (Shown in Figs. 3 and 11.) The nut 18 is held to slide upon a shaft 19, having exterior threads of a long pitch. The shaft is surrounded by a spring 20, acting to force the nut 18 upward, and the said shaft is adapted to carry the type-wheel B and is journaled in a frame E of substantially rectangular shape pivoted at one end in the casin g and extending nearly from the top to the bottom of the same, as shown in Fig. 3.

The free end of the frame, at which part the shaft 19 is journ aled, swings from front to rear of the casing, being held in its normal position by a spring 21. The t-ypewheel shaft 19 is reduced and plain at its upper end and extends up through a transverse slot 22 in the top of the casing, since this shaft is to be moved bodily to the rear of the casing, at which point the paper to be typewritten is placed. 1

The upper portion of the type-wheel shaft 19 is provided with a key 23, which enters the type-wheel and causes it to turn with the shaft. The shaft is further provided with a collar 2t, upon which the wheel rests, and a ratchet-wheel 25, which is secured to the shaft and located just above the casing, the teeth of the wheel being upon its under side. The teeth slant in direction in which the typewheel is to turn in presenting a type for printing, and are engaged by a pawl 26 while the wheel is turned to print, as shown in Fig. 16, the pawl being secured to a lever 27,fulcrumed upon the casing and resting, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2, on the free end of the printing-lever D.

The nut 18 is provided with a slot receiving the free end of the swinging frame E and is guided in its vertical movement thereby- The nut is adapted to swing the frame rearward when the printing-lever D has been pressed sufficiently to present a proper type forv printing by turning the type-wheel by depressing the nut 18. This action takes place when the lever returns to its normal position, since the rearward swinging of the frame advances the type-wheel to contact with the paperto be type-written. This movement is accomplished, as shown in Fig. 11, by placing a spring-controlled dog 28 upon the back of the nut 18, having limited upward and downward movement. The dog is notched to receive a ledge 29 upon the lower edge of the lever D. The ledge does not act upon the dog when the lever is depressed, but upon the upward movement of the lever the ledge lifts the dog until the ledge reaches a horizontal position, where it releases, and during this period the nut is moved and the frame swung.

The type-wheel shaft 19 has few threads to the inch and is so arranged that when the nut 18 runs over it in its maximum movement the nut will impart to the shaft more than one turn, and therefore causes all of the type on the wheel 13, carried by said shaft, to pass before the paper. Thus the letter or sign placed in front of the paper depends upon the degree to which the nut 18 is depressed, the said nut being moved by the lever D and the latter by the lever D.

The reason why the maximum movement of the shaft 19 gives a little more than one revolution will be explained hereinafter.

I will now endeavor to explain how with but five keys I can graduate or control the movement of the lever D and thereby present each letter or character desired to the paper to be printed upon.

In Figs. 2, 3, 4:, 5, 6, and 7 it will be seen that each keyis supported by a rod 30,which rod is provided with abranch 31 a short distance below the key, part 3i of the said branch being single and the other part 31 divided in its turn to produce a fork. The branch 31 of the key-rod is carried over the lever D, which is provided with a flange cl for a portion of its length extending over the lever D, as shown particularly in Fig. 5. This forked part 31 touches the side of the lever D, and the straight portion 30 of the rod touches the outer face of the lever D. An angularoffset 32 is secured upon the straight section of the rod adapted to act upon atripfinger (Shown best in Figs. 5, 6, and 7.) This trip-finger comprises an elastic platesection 33, secured at its upper end to the upper section of the outer face of the printing-lever D, and a foot-section 33, adapted to pass horizontally beneath both of the levers D and D and through a recess in the bottom of the latter. This foot member 33 is provided with a lug 33, which limits the movement of the foot-section in direction of the spring-section or member by engaging with the inner face of the lever D, as shown in Fig. 6.

Thefoot-section 33 of the trip-finger is an important element in determining the letter or character to be presented by the key, and it acts upon a regulatingcradle M, to be hereinafter described, at both of its ends, and therefore I will denominate the end to which the spring member 33 is attached the heel.

of this trip and the opposite or free end the t 7) A spring 35, fixed to the frame of the machine, is connected with each key, holding the same normally in elevated position, and a stud 36 on the key-bar 30, by striking the under face of the cover-plate ll of the easing, maintains the key in its initial position, limiting its upward movement. The key-rod 30 is guided in its movement by being made to pass through a recess in the flange of the lever D, as shown in both Figs. 5 and 6 Now let it be supposed that anyone of the keys is touched. Thekey will move down, compressing the spring 35, and at the same time the offset 32 on the rod 30 will move over the spring-section of the trip-finger 33,

. compressing the same and forcing the footsectionin direction of the lever D, when the said finger will have substantially the position shown in Fig. 7. At the moment the member 31 of the branch of the rod 30 will rest upon the lever D, forcing it to move downward, and the latter forces the lever D downward with more velocity, since, as has been heretofore mentioned, it is connected with it; but before the offset 32 ceases to press upon the spring members of the tripfinger a projection 34 of the toe of said finger will have rested on the edge 37 of a plate 38, secured within the casing. I will denominate this part of the movement the preparatory movement and will give the name definite movement to the balance of the key action, which will continue until the foot of the trip-finger shall properly engage with the regulating-cradle M, above referred to, which cradle will serve to limit the down ward movement of the key.

With reference to the keys that have not been struck, they remain in their original position supported by their springs 35, and when their trip-fingers 33 move downward with the lever D their extensions 34 will also engage with the plate 38, but upon its opposite face or edge 39, as shown in Fig. 5, this plate serving as a guide, and it may here be remarked that the plate is provided with a series of slots 39, one side of which is substantially straight and the other more or less curved, the slots being graduated in length and extendingin a series from one end of the plate to the other, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, for a purpose to be hereinafter set forth.

The operation of the type-wheel from the levers D and D is as follows, (see Figs. 2, 3, and 4:) When the lever D is depressed by the action of the lever D, it will carry downward with it the nut 18, and at the same time it will place the pawl 26 in engagement with the ratchet-wheel 25, revolved with the type-wheel shaft. The nut in being carried downward revolves the type-wheel shaft and the pawl prevents the shaft from turning in any but one direction. When the nut has reached the necessary position to properly present the proposed type. and the pressure on the key has been released, the lever D will pass upward. In so doing the said lever, before releasing the pawl from the ratchetwheel, will act through the medium of the dog 28 to, move the nut 18 and the frame E, thereby forcing the type-wheel and its shaft rearward, (see Fig. 11,) carrying the proper type into an opening 40, made in a casing 41, surrounding the wheel, against which plate the paper to be printed upon is placed. The final upward movement of the lever D will release the ratchet-wheel from its ratchet,

' and the nut being freed will travel up the threaded portion of the shaft and will restore the type-Wheel to its normal position, while at ,the same time the spring controlling the swinging frame E will act to restore said frame to its normal position.

Now that it has been shown how the letter or sign is formed and printed it will be easy to understand how by means of five keys a person will be able to print any of the letters or signs contained in one zone of the type-wheel. Each one of these zones contains thirty-one characters. small letters, some signs, and a space-that is, a place without a letter or a sign. In the intermediate zone I) the large letters with some signs and another space are produced,

and in the lower zone I) the ten numerals and twenty signs are formed.

I desire to call attention to the fact that the ratchet-wheel 25 has also thirty-one teeth, each corresponding to three letters or signs on the type-wheel in vertical order, one in each zone.

. Iwill now proceed to studyand demonstrate the thirty-one combinations that can be made with five keys and also illustrate how each one corresponds to a letter or sign in each zone. In Figs. 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9 I have shown the regulating-cradle heretofore referred to. This cradle consists of a skeleton frame42, preferably of rectangular shape, having a trunnion 43 at each end and a downwardly and outwardly projecting branch 44411; the end'portion of each side, the two branches at each side being made to support a plate, one plate being designated as M and the other as M These plates stop short of the upper portion of the frame and in the completed cradle its sides diverge. The cradle is located beneath a cover-plate 11 at the keyboard and straddles both of the levers D and D, its trunnions being made to slide in sockets 45, secured upon the top of the casing. Consequently the rods 30 of the various keys pass between the sides of this cradle. A spring 46 is secured to the inner trunnion 43 of the cradle and like wise to the casing of the frame, I

This spring con as shown at 4:7 in Fig. 2.

In the upper zone b are placed the stantly ac ts to draw the cradle in direction of the type-wheel, but the cradle is prevented from being acted upon by the spring when the levers are in their normal position through the medium of an elbow-lever D which is fulcrumed upon the bottom of the casing, the longer member extending upward, and it loosely embraces the inner trunnion 43 of the cradle, engaging with a stop 49, located on said trunnion, as shown in Fig. 3, while a link 50 is pivotally connected to the lower and shorter member of the said lever D and is passed upward through a socket 48, formed upon the rear face of the printing-lever D, as is also shown in Fig. 3, the link passing upward some distance beyond the top of the casing, and it is provided with a stop 48 immediately above the said socket 48. Thus when the lever D is in its normal position the stop-lever D will hold the cradle away from the type-wheel, but when the type-lemr is depressed it will remove the stop-lever from the cradle and permit the spring 46 to act and draw the cradle inward or to the type-Wheel.

Each face M and M of the regulating-cradle has five cuts, and the first cut on each side is provided at the bottom with five steps, the second cut with four steps, the third cut with three steps, .the fourth cut with two steps, and the fifth cut with one step, making a total of thirty steps, fifteen on each face, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 9. These steps are so arranged that they correspond to thirty equal divisions of the maximum angle that the lever D can pass over, so that fifteen of these spaces will be governed by the fifteen steps of the face M and fifteen intermediate of the former ones by the steps on the face M Thus if a certain letter corresponds to a step on the face M the following one will correspond to the corresponding step on the face M and so on, and for this reason the heights of the steps of M are alternated with the heights of those of M. (See Fig. 8.)

The regulating-cradle M, besides its end movement, has an oscillating movement governed by a fork 51, which can impart to it two positions, one represented in full lines in Figs. 6 and 7 and the other in dotted lines in the same figu res.

Fig. Gillustrates the fact that in the first position of the regulating-cradle the trip-fingers 33 of the keys that have been struck will strike the face M of the cradle, (see Fig. 7,) the toes of said fingers being brought into action, and that the heels cannot in any way strike the face M of the cradle. In the second position, dotted lines, Fig. 6, the tripfingers 33 of the keys that have not been struck will strike through the medium of their heels the face M of the cradle, and the toe-sections cannot in any manner strike the face 1/ of the cradle.

Let it be supposed that the regulatingcradle being in thefirst position (full lines in Figs. 7 and 6) the key 0 is struck. (See Fig. 2.) WVhen the key begins to move downward in its preparatory movement, it will cause its corresponding trip-finger to move outward, so that in its definite movementthat is, when the lever D moves downwardthe toe of the trip will strike a step of the face M, and when the lever D begins to move downward it releases the stop-lever D from engagement with the cradle, permitting the latter to have longitudinal movement, the movement being caused by the spring 46, which will draw the cradle toward the type-wheel until the toe of the trip-finger 33, belonging to the key 0 strikes the edge 64: of the first cut in the face M of the said cradle,whereupon the said toe-section of the trip will slide along this edge and will stop in the step 0. Let it be supposed now that the key 0 is struck. The same movements will be produced; but now it will be the trip of the said key that will strike the edge 05 of the second cut in the face M, stopping at the step If the key C is touched, it is easy to see that its trip will be stopped at the step 0 in the third cut. The step 0 of the fourth cut in the face M of the cradle will serve as a stop for the key C and the only step 0 in the fifth cut will serve as a stop for the first key 0. In this last case it should be noted that the longitudinal movement of the cradle Will be almost nothing, because between the trip of the key 0 and the edge (38 of the first out there is only a little space that need be covered in the movement of the cradle.

Now let it be supposed that the keys are struck in couples. In this case it may be noted that every time two keys are struck at one time the one that is farthest away from the type-wheel will be the one to stop the cradle in its longitudinal movement, while the one nearest to the type-wheel will be-the first to strike the step, as will be seen by an inspection of the figures of the drawings. For example, suppose the keys 0 and 0 Fig. 2, are struck at the same time their corre sponding trip-fingers will rise, and when the lever D releases the stop-lever D and the latter releases the regulating-cradle the said cradle will not move because the trip of the key 0 will support it, its edge 68 resting upon the said trip, and the lever D, when it continues its descent, will be stopped when the trip 33 of the key 0 strikes the step 0. Practically the same will occur when the keys C and C are struck together, the trip of C stopping at 0 When 0 and O are struck together, the trip of C will stop at the step 0 in the face M of the cradle, and when the keys C and C are pressed together the stoppage will be obtained at the step in the face M of the cradle.

If the keys 0 and C are struck, the key C will permit the cradle to move longitudinally until its trip strikes on the edge 67 of the cradle, (see Fig. 2,) and as this distance is equal to the width of a step the key 0 will be stopped at the lever D when itstrikes the trip, as said trip engages with the step 0 step In pressing the keys O and C the trip of the key 0 will stop at the step 0 and when and G are pressed the key (1 will stop at the When the keys C and O are struck, C will stop the cradle by its trip striking on the edge 66 on the face M of said cradle, which is a distance away from it equal to the width of two steps, so that C will stop at 0 In the same manner C and C will stop the lever at O and finally 0 and C will cause the trip of the key C to strike at 0 since the trip of thekey G will be three steps away from the edge 65 of the second out.

Two things should be noted, namely: when three keys are struck at a time, first, that the cradle M changes its position by means of the mechanism that will be described hereinafter,placin g itself,as shown, in dotted lines in Fig. 6, and, second, that the heels of the keytrips that have not been struck will strike on the face M of the cradle when in this position, while the trips of the keys that are struck will withdraw and will not touch the cradle at all, and as in this case we are going to touch three keys we will only separate the members of the trips 33 from the face M of the cradle, the twoheel-sections belonging to the trips of the two keys not struck then striking it. Then the combinations of three will be equivalent to the couples that we have already described. Thus (see Fig. 3) if we strike C C and C We will only separate the heels of their three corresponding trips 33 from the face M of the cradle in the preparatory movement, and in the definite movement the heel-section of the trip corresponding to the key 0 will detain the'face M of the cradle in its longitudinal movement, striking the edge 69 of the fifth cutin that side, while the heel of the trip that corresponds to G will stop the lever D when said heel engages with the step 0 As will be seen, this is equivalent to the examples heretofore cited-that is, when the two keys C and C were struck together. Thus the letter on the type-wheel corresponding to the stop 0 that we have just obtained will be that which would be followed by an engagement of a key with the step 0 that was obtained in the equivalent case.

If we strike th'e keys 0 0 C it will be equivalent to striking C and C together and the stop will be at the step 0 By striking (3 C and C it would come in the same way to stop at the step 0 because this action would be equivalent to the striking of O and G and the striking of C C and 0 together would be equivalent to striking O and 0 together and would give a stop at the step 0 By striking G, 0 and O separating the heels of the trips of the said keys, the heels of the trips of said keys C and C will, remain, the first limiting the longitudinal movement of the section M of the regulating-cradle when the edge of the second out in this section is struck, the said edge being adistance from the trip equal to the width of a step, and the second trip would consequently be detained by the stop 0 By striking together 0, O and C we have a movement which would be equivalent to striking O and 0 together and a stop would be obtained at 0 and striking 0, O and C together, which would be equivalent to striking C and C together, will give a stop at the step 0 In the same way 0, C and C when struck together corresponding to the couple of keys C and will give a stop at the step 0 0, C and 0 corresponding to. C and 0 when struck together, will be stopped at O and finallyC, O and C corresponding to the keys C and 0 will give a stop at 0 For the reasons given above the combinations of fours will be equivalent to singles, thus 0 C C and C will be equivalent to O and will give a stop at 0 0, O O and C will be equivalent to C and will give a stop at 0 O, 0 C and C Wlll be equivalent to C and will give a stop at 0 O, 0 O and C will be equivalent to C and will give a stop at 0 0, C and O" will be equivalent to C and will give a. stop at 0 There is still another case which consists of striking the five keys O O O 0, and C at once. remains in the second position, as in the cases already described of combinations of threes and fours, dotted lines in Fig. 6, and none of the trip-fingers will strike any portion of the cradle and the lever D will not stop until it strikes a stop at the bottom of its guide, thus affording a space for the upper and middle zone and a sign upon the lowest zone of the type-wheel. Thus we have obtained thirtyone characters,the small letters and signs and one space,with the different combinations that can be made with the five keys 0, C C C and C and if the type-wheel B rises to such an extent thatthe middle zone takes the place that usually belongs to the upper zone we will havein that way thirty-one characters more, with the large letters, signs, and one space, and if the lowest zone takes the place of the upper one we will have thirty-one other characters, numerals, and signs, making a total of ninety-three letters, numerals, and

In this event the regulating-cradle IIO signs, and the number of characters can easily be increased by using type-wheels with more zones than illustrated. Under ordinarycircumstances,however, ninety-three are deemed suflieient for use in the machine.

It will be thus observed that any letter, figure, character, or space on a zone may be brought in position for printing by controlling the travel of the nut 18 on the shaft carrying the type-wheel, and that such movement is automatically controlled by touching a proper key or a group of keys, through the medium of the trips directed by the keys and the cuts and steps of the regulating-cradle, limiting the movement of the keys together with the shifting action of the said cradle.

Before proceeding farther I will explain how the two positions of the regulating-cradleare obtained, (shown in Fig. 6,) the first positions being drawn in full lines corresponding to the combinations of singles and couples, and which I will denominate the initial position,and the second drawn in dotted lines, which corresponds to the combinations of threes, fours, and fives of thekeys. As shown in Figs. 2, S, and 9, the cradle is governed by a fork 51, which strikes interiorly upon the plates M and M of the cradle, this fork being supported by an elastic plate 69, fixed at one end to the lever D and capable of lateral movement. The elasticity of this plate 69 supports the cradle in its first or initial position, (see Fig. 0, full lines)-that is, with its face or plate M in a vertical position and the face or plate M removed from the path of the trip-fingers of the keys. The elastic plate (39,supporting the fork, is provided with a lug 70 which rests upon a cam 71, formed on a pulley 72, the latter being mounted to turn upon the lever D, and upon the periphery of this pulley a small cord, thread, or chain 7 3 is wound, being secured at one end to the pulley and passed through rings 74, secured upon the lever-D, as shown in Fig. 2, and also between the forks 31 of the key-rods 80, the distance between the rings 7t and the forks being equal. The cord 73 is fixed at its opposite end to the said lever D, at a point near its free end, by means of a set-screw 75 or the equivalent thereof.

Let it be supposed that one of the keys is pressed downward. When this key descends in its preparatory movement, it will cause the fork 31 to descend to the cord or chain 73, causing the pulley 72 to turn a certain angle without any movement on the part of the fork 51, which remains silent during the movement of the key, because the key struck descends with the lever D. If two keys are struck, the angle of movement of the pulley 72 will be doubled, but the fork 51 will not yet suffer the least alteration in position; but if three keys are struck'the movementof the pulley 72 will be tripled and the cam 71 will introduce itself below the lug 70 of the bearing of the fork 51, causing a movement in the position of the said fork, and consequently causing the cradle to pass to its second position, (represented in dotted lines in Fig. 6) that is, making the face orplate M vertical and moving the face or plate M away from the path of the trip-fingers of the keys.

When four keys are struck, the cam 71 will remain below the lug 70 and the cradle will also remain in its second position. The same will take place when five keys are struck.

A spring 7 6, secured by one end to the cam 71, will be wound around the axis of the pulley, as shown in Fig. 9, and secured at its opposite end'to the lever D, and the said spring acts to keep a tension on the pulley in a direction which will maintain the thread, cord, or chain 73 stretched.

In Fig. 17 I have illustrated a mechanism for changing from the small letters to the large letters or signs. This mechanism consists in two buttons or keys located one at the right and the other at the left of the recess 10 in the frontof the casing. The lefthand button 77 is pivotally connected by a shank 79 directly with one member of an clbow lever 80, pivoted in the casing,the opposite member of the elbow-lever at its extremity being pivotally connected with a lifting-arm 8l, extending upward through the opening in the top of the casing, the said arm being provided with a fork adapted to pass around the shaft of the type-wheel below and to an engagement with the said wheel, as also shown in Fig. 18. The right-hand button 78 is connected by its shank 82 with a lever 83, fulcrumed at its center in the casing and pivot ally connected by a link 8% with the shorter arm of the elbow-lever 80.

If in writing the hand is so placed as not to touch either of the buttons 77 or 78, the typewheel will remain as shown in the drawings, writing consequently with the upper zone that is, with the small letters; but if the hand is inclined to the right, pressing the button 78, the latter by its transition to the lever will move the latter lever such a distance that it will raise the type-wheel until its middle zone shall occupy the place formerly occupied by the former zone, and at that time the machine will write capitals; but if the hand is inclined to the left, pressing in the left-hand button 77, the said button by reason of its direct connection with the elbow-lever 80 will cause the type-wheel to be raised until its lowest zone, or the signzone, is in the place normally occupied by the upper zone. Thus it will be observed that a shifting of the position of the type-wheel to bring a small letter, a capital, or a sign or character in printing position may be readily accomplished while the printing-keys are being manipulated.

The space-measurer is shown in Figs. 2, 3, 11, 15, and 19, and consists, essentially, of an angled lever comprising arms 85 and 85, connected by a shaft, to which-they are rigidly attached, the shaft being journaled in an upper extension 86 of the swinging frame E, heretofore referred to. The upper arm 85 terminates in a point 87 at right angles to the body, or substantially so, and this point is located in front of a groove 88, formed in the circumference of the type-wheel, one groove being immediately below each zone of type. The lower arm 85 terminates in a pawl 89, having an extension in direction of the typewheel, the pawl being pivoted to the arm, and it is always held downward by a spring 90. This pawl enters or travels upon a fine rack 91, fastened to the top rail of the paper-carrier frame G, and a spring 92 tends to place the spacing -lever so that its point 87 will penetrate a groove 88.

The initial position of the space-measurer is that shown in the drawings that is, with the point of the spacing-lever out of a groove S8-since the spring 92 will be overcome by a stronger spring controlling the paper-carrying frame, the said spring serving to move the said frame in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 19; but when a letter or sign is to be printed, whereby the frame E is moved toward the paper, the pawl 89 leaves the rack 91, being replaced just before it leaves the rack by an auxiliary pawl 93, se cured to the frame E, as shownin Figs 11 and 19, which auxiliary pawl upon entering the rack 91 holds it in place while the impression is being made. lVhen the pawl 89 leaves the rack 91, the spacing-lever is inclined, forced to said inclination by the spring 92, and its point 87 penetrates a groove 88 in the typewheel, and as this groove is of more or less depth, according to the width of the letter being printed on the paper, the point 87 will move a corresponding distance and thepawl 89 will move in the opposite direction-that is, the depth of the groove is such that the pawl 89 advances a distance equal to the width of the letter being printed-and when the frame E returns to its first position and the pawl 89 again enters the rack it will do so at a tooth a distance from the tooth where it left the rack, this width being equal to the width of the letter printed. In this movement of the frame E the auxiliary pawl 93 leaves the rack, and the motorspring of the paper-carrier being much stronger than the spacing-lever spring 92 will overcome the latter, causing the carriage to advance a distance equal to the width of the letter printed and the space-measurer returns to its initial position, this position being determined by the stop 94, (shown in Fig. 15,) that strikesa projection on the frame of the machine.

As it is sometimes necessary to move the carrier to a given point in order to make a correction, or for other purposes, a small key 95 is provided (shown in Fig. 15) adapted to lift the pawl 89 by means of mechanism shown in said figure, so that the carriage may be free to be carried to the desired point. This mechanism consists of a rock-shaft 96, se-

cured upon the frame of the machine back of' the rack to which the key 95 is secured by a stem 95, and the said rock-shaft is provided with a depressing arm 97, which engages with the upper surface of the extension of the said pawl 89. In order to prevent the spacinglever from moving in the direction in which it is forced by the spring 92 while the pawl 89 is raised, a small spring-keeper 98 is attached to the frame of the machine and made to embrace the lower member 85 of the lever, as shown in Figs. 11, 15, and 19. This keeper serves to prevent such a movement when the carriage is moved in a direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow in Fig. 12 and is accomplished without touching the key 95.

The carriage G that supports the paper and causes it to advance as it is written upon is shown in detail in Fig. 11, a section of the same being shown in Fig. 19 and a portion of and secured to a drum 103, located at one end.

of the casing. Within the drum a strong spiral spring is placed, similar to the mainsprings of watches, one end of the spring being secured to the interior of the drum and the other end to a shaft 104, upon which the drum is mounted. This spring causes the drum to turn in such a manner that it moves, by means of the said metallic ribbon, the paper-carriage in the direction indicated by the arrow.

In the upper portion ofthe carriage-frame a shaft is journaled, upon which a cylinder 106 is mounted, divided, preferably, into three sections, as shown in Fig. let, so as to leave space for the action of the carriage- Wheels 100. The circumference of the cylinders 106 is covered with rubber or an equivalent material. At the back of the cylinders 106 a larger cylinder 107 is located, adapted for engagement with the smaller cylinders, the larger cylinder being also covered with rubber, and the shaft of the large cylinder is journaled in arms 108, pivoted by means of a connecting-bar 109 to side plates 110, attached one to each end of the carriage-frame, which side plates extend upward a predeter mined distance above the top of the casing.

The paper 111 is passed between the larger and smaller cylinders, and the larger cylinder 107 is held in frictional engagement with the cylinders 106 by means of two springs 112, attached to the plates at one extremity and to the extreme outer ends of the shaft of the larger cylinder at their other ends. The two plates 110 are connected at the top by a cross-bar 113, provided with a rubber cushion 11% upon its front face, against which that portion of the paper rests that is to receive the impression.

At one end of the carriage a ratchet-Wheel 115 is secured to the extremity of the shaft carrying the large cylinder 107, the said ratchet-wheel being engaged by a pawl 115, carried by the arm 108, journaling the said shaft.

A shifting lever 117, of angular formation, is fulcrumed at the junction of its members upon the plate 110 at the end of the machine just spoken of, and a pawl 116 is pivoted to the lower end of the lever 117, being sup ported in engagement with the ratchet-Wheel 115 by a spring 118, as shown in Fig 13.

A forward horizontal extension 119 is made from the arm 10S, carrying the ratchet 115, and a post 120 is projected upward from the free end of the said extension. This post is at the outer side of the lever 117, and upon the upper end of the post a wheel 121 is journaled, having notches 122 in its periphery, while a cam 123 is produced upon the inner face of this wheel, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 13, and the shifting lever 117 is providcd with a lug 124, adapted to engage with the surface of the cam, the said surface being irregular.

The wheel and eccentric serve to mark the distance between the linesthat is, to control the space between lines-and the wheel is held in whatever position it may be set through the medium of a spring-controlled pin 125, (shown best in Fig. 14,) which pin will pass through the post, being carried by the extension 119, and in passing through the post 120 will likewise pass through one of the grooves in the periphery of the regulatingwheel 121. The space between the lines is regulated by the distance that the lug 124 011 the shifting lever 117 will have to travel to strike the surface of the cam 123, presented to the lug. Thus in making a shift of the paper vertically to start another line by pressing upward upon the free end of the lever 117 the rear end of the lever will be carried forward until the stud 124 has struck the cam 123, and during this movement of the lever the rack 116 willhave revolved the large cylinder 107 by engagement with its ratchetwheel 115, the pawl 115 preventing the cylinder from turning in an opposite direction.

A lever 126 is pivotally mounted upon a block 127, as shown in Fig. 14, the said block being adjustable upon a rail 128, located longitudinally upon the upper rear portion of the casing and capable of being set at any desired point in the length of the said rail by means of a set-screw 128*, the block carrying the lever 126 being adapted to travel between the type-wheel and the end of the machine having the shifting lever 117. This lever serves to mark the beginnings of the lines and at the same time to space them automatically, since when the operator moves the paper-carrier to commence a new line he will.

cause the lever 117 to enter the outer end of the said marking-lever 126, which end is forked, which, when it rises, will raise the lever 117 and space the line. From the opposite plate 110 an arm 129 is rearwardly projected, carrying a pawl 136, and upon a rail 131, located upon the top of the casing at this end of the machine, a small carriage 132 is held to travel, which may be set at any point on the said rail 131, and this small carriage carries a gong 133, adapted to give an alarm when the end of a line is being approached. The carriage 132 has secured upon it aspring 134, as shown in Fig. 14, the spring having a horizontal lug 135 attached to it, and at its free end it carries a hammer Thus in the movement of the carriage when the pawl 130 strikes the projection 135 from the spring of the bell mechanism as the two factors separate the hammer will strike the gong and sound an alarm.

In order to place the paper in the machine or to withdraw it when the work is finished, it is only necessary to lower the lever 117, which will cause the separation of the cylinders 106 and 107.

Figs. 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24 illustrate various ways in which the type may be inked. In Figs. 20 and 21 it is supposed that a rubber type-Wheel is employed, and the inker consists simply in a small pad 137, impregnated with ink and supported by means of a rod 138, that enters a socket 139, located in the upper portion of the standard 86, supportin g the spacing-lever.

It has been heretofore stated that the typewheel B must pass over a certain course before the first letter is printedthat is, the one that corresponds to the least movement of the printing-lever D. This movement is here utilized, for this letter, being in the initial position of the machine below the pad 137, will be inked and will make an impression at the opening 40 in the casing 41, and any letter or sign that is repeated many times in succession will be inked at each impression.

Figs. 22 and 23 illustrate an arrangement for writing with an inked ribbon and a wheel having metal type. In this instance the ribbon 140 is wound over a bobbin 141, placed upon a spindle 142, properly supported upon the casing. The ribbon is then passed over a rod 143, (shown especially in Fig. 23,) which directs it along outside of the casing 41 of the typewheel. The ribbon then passes through a groove 144 between this cover and the plate-section thereof in which the impression-opening 40 is located, and finally the ribbon is rolled upon another bobbin 146. Both bobbins are provided with fine teeth in both of their faces, one toothed face of each bobbin being engaged by a pawl, (designated, respectively, as 147 and 148,) the said pawls preventing the ribbon from unwinding from the bobbins.

The movement of the ribbon is obtained by means of an elbow or angled bar 149, one end of which enters a socket in the spacing-lever standard 86, the other end being provided with a dog 150, engaging with the upper toothed or ratchet-surface of the bobbin located upon the support 146. Therefore the movement is imparted to the ribbon each time that a letter is printed, since the upper end of the spacing-lever stand 86 follows the movements of the swinging frame E.

When the ribbon is completely unwound from the bobbin 141 and is wound upon the bobbin 145, it is only necessary to change the places of the bobbins, care being taken to reverse themthat is, to place bobbin 145 on the spindle 142 with the face that was formerly up turned down, and the same is true with reference to the bobbin 141. I11

se an? 9 this manner the two sides of the ribbon are alternately used.

Fig. 24; illustrates an intermediate system of inking. I11 this case the types on the typewheel are metallic, as in the previous case, but the ribbon 151is an endless ribbon, which is inked as it passes over a cylinder 152, located at one side of the wheel, the said cylinder being inked and placed upon a suitable support 153, the said support being provided with a pad 153, which maintains the ribbon pressed against the cylinder, and the ribbon is likewise supplied with ink. The movement of the ribbon is obtained in a manner similar to that already describednamely, through an angled bar 140 and a dog 150-but in this event the dog is made to operate a toothed disk 154, which carries two small cylinders 155, between which cylinders the end less ribbon'is passed.

It will be observed that as the paper is placed in a vertical plane it can be as long as desired, because the machine can be placed on the edge of a table, or there may be a groove in the table to pass the paper, and by this arrangement the writer is enabled to write upon a card or upon cardboard.

The machine, although being fitted with but five keys, is simple in its construction, can be made of a small size, and of but little weight.

With the five keys ninety-three characters may be brought into action, this being accomplished by striking one or more keys at a time, which permits of writing without looking at the keys and without requiring much light, and as it is not necessary to consult the keys in writing great speed is obtained and the eyes are not tired. Even a blind persori can easily use this machine. Furthermore, but one hand need be used, and therefore the hands can be brought into action alternately.

The spacer herein described by giving the proper space on the paper to each character permits not only of varying the size of the letters, but also of writing with either script or print, German, Greek, or Russian characters, or letters of any other form. ,Each zone of types upon the type-wheel is placed upon a zone of rubber, which forms a pad or springcushion.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- I. In a type-writer, the combination of a frame pivoted on a perpendicular axis, a rotary wheel carried by said frame and provided with zones of type, the said wheel being capable of lateral movement with the frame, two operating-levers controlling the movement of the wheel, and type-keys operating the said levers, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In a typewriter, the combination, with a type-wheel, of a spacing-lever adapted to enter depressions in the wheel, the said lever determining the space between the types and regulating said space in accordance with the width of the type, as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a type-writer, the combination, with a type-wheel provided with zones of type, and depressed belts between the said zones, of a spacing-lever, means, substantially as described, for holding said lever normally from engagement with said wheel, printing-keys, and a connection between said keys and the said spacing-lever, whereby the said lever, upon the depression of the key, will provide for a spacing between the type equivalent to the width of the type, as and for the purpose specified.

4. In a type-writer, the combination, with a rotating type-wheel provided with zones of type, a spacing-lever regulating the distance at which the type shall be printed upon a predetermined object, of a series of keys of lesser number than the characters produced upon any one zone of the type-wheel, and a regulating cradle provided with series of stops, each series being of a different graduation, printing-levers capable of operation from the said keys, the keys in operating the levers being adapted for engagement with sundry of the said stops, and a rotating mechanism operated upon by the levers and operating upon the said type-wheel, as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a type-writer, a type-wheel, a series of keys considerably less in number than the number of type of the same character produced upon the wheel, a spacingdever, printinglevers, a reciprocating frame operated from said levers and operating the spacinglever, a cradle provided with series of stops differently graduated, operating-rods connected with the keys and adapted to operate 'upon the printing-levers,the downward movement of the said rods being controlled by the stops of the cradle, and means, substantially as shown and described, for governing the movement of the cradle relative to the movement of the rods depressed by the said keys, substantially as shown and described.

6. In atype-writer or like machine,the combination of a frame movable toward and from the material to be written upon, a type-wheel journaled in said frame, keys for turning said type-wheel, a locking device for preventing the type-wheel from turning during the return movement of the keys, and mechanism actuated by the return movement of the keys, for moving the type-wheel frame toward the material to be written upon, substantially as described.

7. In a type-writeror like machine, a frame movable toward and from the material to be written upon, a type-wheel journaled in said frame, the shaft of the wheel having a screw-threaded portion, a nut held to slide on said screw-threaded portion, keys, an operative connection between the keys and the IIO nut, and mechanism for moving the typewheel frame toward the material to be written upon, substantially as described.

8. In a type-writer or like machine, a revoluble type-wheel, the shaft of said wheel having a screw-threaded portion, a nut mounted to slide on said shaft keys, and an operative connection between the keys and the nut to turn the type-wheel, substantially as de scribed.

9. In a type-writer or likemachine, a revoluble type-Wheel whose shaft is provided with a screw-threaded portion, a spring-pressed sliding nut on said shaft, an actuating-lever engaging the nut, and keys operatively connected to the lever at different points thereof, substantially as described.

10. In a type-writer orlike machine,a frame pivoted on a perpendicular axis and capable of swinging toward and from the material to be written upon, a type-wheel journaled in said frame, an actuating-lever for turning the type-wheel and provided with a projection, and a movable dog on the frame and arranged to engage the said projection to swing said frame toward the material to be written upon, substantially as described.

11. In atype-writer orlike machine,aframe movable toward and from the material to be written upon, a type-wheel journaled in said frame, a shaft of the type-wheel having a screw-threaded portion, a nut mounted to slide on said shaft, an actuating-lever engaging the said nut to move it longitudinally of the shaft, and a dog secured to the nut and adapted to be engaged by the lever to move the type-wheel frame toward the material to be written upon, substantially as described.

12. In a type-writer or like machine, a typeform, an actuatin g-lever operative] y connected with the type-form and fulcrumed on the machine, a second leveralso fulcrumed on the machine, the free end of the first lever being pivotally connected to the second lever and at a point near the fulcrum thereof, and keys operatively connected to the levers, substantially as described.

13. Ina typewriter or like machine,atypeform, an actuating-lever operatively connected therewith, keys all constructed to operate the said lever,and a movable frame controlled by the movements of the keys and provided with graduated stops in turn controlling the movement of the lever, substantially as described.

14. In a type-writerorlike machine, a typeform, an actuating-lever operatively connected therewith, keys constructed to operate the said lever, a movable cradle provided with a plurality of series of graduated stops to control the movement of the lever, and an operative connection between the keys and the cradle to change the position of the cradle when a certain number of keys are operated simultaneously, substantially as described.

15. In a type-writer or like machine, atypeform, keys operatively connected therewith,

a movable cradle provided with graduated stops and capable of longitudinal movement and means for releasing the levers whereby this longitudinal movement is accomplished, substantially as described.

16. In a type-writer or like machine, a typeform, keys operatively connected therewith, a rocking cradle provided with a plurality of series of graduated stops to control the movement of the keys, and an operative connection between the keys and the cradle to change the position of the cradle when a certain number of keys are operated sim ultaneousl y, substan tially as described.

17. In a type-writer or like machine, a typeform, keys operatively connected therewith, a slidable spring-pressed cradle mounted to rock and provided-with a plurality of series of graduated stops to control the movement of the keys, and an operative connection between the keys and the cradle to change the position of the cradle when a certain number of keys are operated simultaneously, substantially as described.

18. In atype-writer or like machine, a typeform, keys operatively connected therewith, a movable cradle provided with a plurality of series of graduated stops to control the movement of the keys, and a flexible connection located in the path of travel of the keys to be actuated thereby, and operatively connected to the cradle to change the position thereof whep a certain number of keys are operated simultaneously, substantially as described.

19. In a type-writer or like machine, a typeform, an actuating lever operatively connected therewith, a cord-pulley journaled on the lever and provided with a cam, keys for moving the lever, a rocking cradle having two series of graduated stops controlling the movement of the keys, a cord extending from the pulley across the paths of travel of the keys so as to be engaged thereby to rotate the pulley, and mechanism operated by the cam on the pulley, for changing the position of the cradle when a certain number of keys are operated simultaneously, substantially as described.

20. In a type-writer or like machine, a typeform, an actuating lever operatively connected therewith, a series of movable trip-fingers secured to the said lever, a frame having a series of graduated stops adapted to be engaged by the trip-fingers, and keys arranged in operative relation to the lever and to the trip-fingers thereon to project the said fingers into engagement with the stops of the frame, substantially as described.

21. In a type-writer or like machine, a typeform, an actuating lever operatively connected therewith, a series of movable trip-fingers secured to the said lever, a rocking cradle having two series of graduated stops, each series being adapted to be engaged by one end of the trip-fingers, keys arranged in operative relation to the lever and to the trip-fingers thereon to project the said .fingers from the lever, and mechanism operated by the movement of the keys, for changing the position of the cradle when a certain number of keys are operated simultaneously, so as to bring either set of graduated stops into the path of travel of the projected trip-fingers, substantially as described.

22. I11 a type-writer, a type-Wheel provided with a series of depressions corresponding in depth to the width of the characters, a papercarriage and an actuated detent operating in the depressions of the type-wheel and controlling the carriage accordingly, substantially as described. a

23. The combination with the type-wheel having a stepped surface, of a carriage, a spacing-lever arranged to engage the said stepped surface, and a pawl whose position is controlled by that of the spacing-lever, said pawl being arranged to engage the carriage, substantially as described.

24. The combination with the type-wheel having a stepped surface, of a carriage, a spacing-lever arranged to engage the said stepped surface, a movable frame carrying the said finger, a pawl carried by the said frame and adapted to engage the carriage, and another pawl also adapted to engage the carriage and whose position is controlled by that of the spacing-lever, substantially as described.

25. In a type-writer or like machine, a vertically-movable type-form provided with a plurality of series of characters, vertically- :rnovable keys capable of moving the typeform horizontally and thereby producing the impression on the material to be written upon, and horizontally-movable keys operatively connected to the type-form capable of raising and loweringthe same independent of its other operations, substantially as described.

26. In a type-writer or like machine, an automatic line-spacing mechanism comprising a cylinder mountedon the carriage and adapted for engagement with the material to be written upon, a lever mounted on the carriage and operatively connected to the cylinder to turn the same, a cam adjacent to the lever and capable of adjustment so as to limit the movements of the lever, and a stop secured to the machine and constructed to engage the said lever on the carriage to turn the said 1e fork will receive the lever on the carriage and operate the cylinder, substantially as described.

28. In a type-writer, the combination of a carriage, a feed-roller thereon, a lever operatively connected to the feed-roller and fulcrumed on the carriage, a disk rotatably mounted on the carriage and provided with peripheral notches and with an irregular cam, a pin rigid on the carriage and capable of locking with the notches of the disk, whereby the latter is held rigid, and a stop-lever rigid off the carriage, substantially as described.

29. In a type-writer, the combination with a casing, of a frame pivoted on a perpendicular axis and having a swinging end, a shaft revolubly mounted in said end and having a thread of steep pitch thereon, a type-form carried by the shaft, a nut operating on the threaded portion of the shaft and guided by the swinging frame, an operating-lever connected to the nut, and keys connected to the operating-lever, substantially as described.

30. In a type-writer, the combination of a lever fulcrumed on the frame thereof, a second lever also fulcrumed on the frame, the free end of the first lever being pivotally connected to the second lever at a point near the fulcrum thereof, type mechanism operatively connected to the second lever, a key vertically movable on the two levers and having a bifurcated portion directly engaged with the first lever, a spring-trip carried by the second lever and operatively engaged with the key, and a graduated cradle controlling the operations of the keys by engagement with the trips, substantially as described.

MANUEL S. OARMONA.

WVitnesses ELoY NOUEJO, E. RAMIVET. 

